Acne often begins at puberty as hormone levels rise, leading to excess oil production and clogged pores. This excess oil, or sebum, can mix with dead skin cells and become trapped, resulting in blackheads and whiteheads (comedones). While mild acne typically involves blackheads and whiteheads, moderate acne includes inflamed papules and pus-filled pustules, while severe acne may involve painful nodules that can lead to scarring.
In recent times, "maskne" has become common, caused by mask-wearing that traps moisture and causes friction on the skin, creating an ideal environment for bacteria growth and irritation.
Steps to Control and Reduce Acne
To keep acne under control, it’s essential to follow a consistent skincare routine. Here are the key steps and product recommendations:
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Double Cleansing Twice Daily:
Cleansing twice a day removes makeup, excess oil, and dead skin cells, preventing clogged pores. Use a gentle cleanser to avoid stripping natural oils and exacerbating irritation. Recommended cleansers for acne-prone skin include La Roche-Posay Effaclar, Vichy Normaderm, Bioderma Sebium, Garnier Micellar Water, and CeraVe Smoothing Cleanser. Active cleansers containing exfoliating ingredients like salicylic acid (a BHA) can help unclog pores and reduce acne. -
Using Toners to Minimize Pores:
Toners can reduce pore appearance and help prevent blockages. Options for acne-prone skin include Acnaut Active Toner, La Roche-Posay Effaclar, Vichy Purete Thermale, Trilogy Mist Toner, and Pestle & Mortar NMF Toner. -
Moisturizing with the Right Products:
A treatment moisturizer, such as La Roche-Posay Effaclar Duo, can be used to target acne. Once flare-ups are under control, regular moisturizing can balance oil production. Recommended moisturizers include La Roche-Posay Effaclar H, Vichy Normaderm, Bioderma Sebium Hydra, and CeraVe Moisturizing Lotion. -
Additional Tips for Acne Prevention:
- Wash makeup brushes and pillowcases regularly to reduce bacterial buildup.
- Remove makeup before exercise to prevent pore blockage.
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Supplements for Skin Health:
Certain vitamins and minerals can support clearer skin:- Vitamin A promotes natural exfoliation and skin healing.
- B Vitamins help balance hormones and improve skin hydration and radiance.
- Vitamin C reduces inflammation and supports collagen production.
- Zinc and Vitamin E act as antioxidants to protect skin and support healing.
When Medical Treatment Is Necessary
For persistent or severe acne, medical treatments may be needed. Options include:
- Prescription creams and washes with retinoids, antimicrobials, or antibiotics.
- Oral treatments such as antibiotics, hormonal therapies, or, for severe cases, isotretinoin (under medical supervision).
By following a tailored skincare routine and, if necessary, consulting with a dermatologist, you can work towards achieving clearer, healthier skin.