What Is Hay Fever? Causes, Symptoms & Remedies
Hay fever, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic reaction triggered by pollen when it comes into contact with your mouth, nose, eyes, and throat. Pollen, a fine powder from plants, is the primary culprit, although other allergens like dust mites, animal hairs, and fungi spores can cause similar symptoms. These allergens can provoke hay fever symptoms throughout the year, not just during high pollen counts. However, the preventive measures to avoid allergens would vary.
When Does Hay Fever Occur?
Hay fever typically worsens between late March and September, especially in warm, humid, and windy conditions when pollen levels peak.
Common Symptoms of Hay Fever
Symptoms of hay fever can vary and may include:
- Sneezing and coughing
- Runny or blocked nose
- Itchy, red, or watery eyes
- Itchy throat, mouth, nose, and ears
- Loss of smell
- Pain around the temples and forehead
- Headache
- Earache
- Fatigue
Why Does Hay Fever Happen?
Hay fever occurs when your immune system mistakenly identifies harmless airborne substances like pollen as threats. The immune system then produces antibodies against these substances. Upon subsequent exposure, these antibodies trigger the release of chemicals such as histamine into your bloodstream, leading to the symptoms of hay fever.
Preventing Hay Fever Symptoms
While there is no cure for hay fever, you can take several steps to prevent or reduce symptoms:
- Apply Vaseline or a balm around your nostrils to trap pollen.
- Wear wraparound sunglasses to protect your eyes from pollen.
- Shower and change clothes after being outdoors to remove pollen.
- Stay indoors when pollen levels are high.
- Keep windows and doors closed as much as possible.
- Vacuum regularly with a HEPA filter.
- Use pollen filters in car air vents.
What to Avoid if You Have Hay Fever
To minimize hay fever symptoms, avoid:
- Cutting grass or walking on freshly cut grass.
- Spending extended periods outdoors during high pollen counts.
- Keeping fresh flowers indoors.
- Smoking or exposure to smoke, which can worsen symptoms.
- Drying clothes outside where they can collect pollen.
- Allowing pets indoors if they have been outside during high pollen times.
Identifying High Pollen Days
Monitor pollen counts through online resources from May to September, when pollen levels are typically highest. This information can help you take extra precautions to avoid triggering hay fever symptoms.
Types of Pollen Allergies
There are three main types of pollen allergies, each active at different times of the year:
- Tree pollen (late March to mid-May)
- Grass pollen (mid-May to July)
- Weed pollen (end of June to September)
Knowing which type of pollen triggers your allergy can help you prepare and manage your symptoms effectively.
Distinguishing Between Hay Fever and a Cold
Hay fever is often referred to as a "summer cold," but there are distinct differences:
- Hay Fever: Runny nose with thin, watery discharge; no fever; symptoms occur immediately after exposure to allergens and persist as long as exposure continues.
- Common Cold: Runny nose with watery or thick yellow discharge; body aches; low-grade fever; symptoms typically appear 1-3 days after exposure to a cold virus and last 3-7 days.
Managing Hay Fever with Asthma
Many people with asthma also suffer from hay fever, which can exacerbate asthma symptoms. Controlling hay fever is crucial for managing asthma effectively, as both conditions involve allergic reactions affecting the airways.
Hay Fever in Children
Children can also suffer from hay fever, typically between March and September. Keeping a diary of their activities can help pinpoint allergens triggering their symptoms. Your pharmacist can recommend safe treatments suitable for children aged one year and older.
Treating Hay Fever During Pregnancy
Hay fever treatments are generally safe during pregnancy, but it's essential to consult your GP before taking any medication. Your GP can assess the risks versus benefits and recommend suitable treatments if symptoms are severe. Prevention, such as minimizing allergen exposure, is also key during pregnancy.
Hay Fever Treatment Options
Over-the-counter treatments for hay fever include:
- Antihistamines: Block histamine effects to reduce symptoms. Available as tablets or liquids (suitable for children).
- Nasal Sprays: Corticosteroid sprays like Beclometasone or Fluticasone reduce nasal inflammation.
- Eyedrops: Sodium cromoglicate eyedrops reduce eye inflammation.
- Air Purifiers: HEPA filter purifiers can remove allergens from indoor air, reducing exposure.
Additional Remedies
Hay fever wipes and balms can also help remove pollen from the skin and prevent inhalation.
At McGorisks Pharmacy, we offer a range of effective hay fever treatments. Visit us to find the right solution for your symptoms and enjoy relief from hay fever discomfort.